The national dress of Bhutan is a vibrant reflection of the country’s rich culture and history. Wearing this traditional attire showcases Bhutanese craftsmanship's beauty and offers a glimpse into the values and traditions that define the kingdom.
From the striking gho worn by men to the elegant kira for women, Bhutan's national costume is a vital part of everyday life and celebrations alike.
Let’s explore the fascinating world of Bhutanese attire and discover how to embrace this cultural treasure during your visit.
Gho
The gho is the traditional robe worn by Bhutanese men. It is knee-length with long sleeves and a loose fit, allowing for ease of movement. Typically made from wool or cotton, the gho often features vibrant patterns and colors, sometimes reflecting the wearer’s regional identity.
The gho is worn for daily activities, special occasions, and religious ceremonies, making it a significant part of Bhutanese culture.
Kera
The kera is a belt used to fasten the gho at the waist. This essential accessory is usually a woven fabric belt, often in complementary colors to the gho . The kera not only secures the robe but also adds a layer of style, contributing to the polished look of the traditional attire.
The kera not only holds the robe in place but also adds an extra layer of style and helps create a polished look. It represents the wearer's attention to detail and respect for traditional dress.
Kabney
The kabney is a long scarf draped over the left shoulder. The color of the kabney indicates the wearer’s rank or social status. For example, white is worn by common citizens, orange by government officials, and saffron by the King. The kabney is mandatory during formal occasions and when entering government buildings or religious sites.
Tsholham
Men typically wear knee-length socks paired with traditional shoes or boots called tsholham. The tsholham are often black and made of leather, and are worn with the socks to cover the legs completely, ensuring a formal and respectful appearance.
Kira
The Kira is the traditional attire for Bhutanese women, consisting of a long, ankle-length dress that wraps around the body. Made from beautiful fabrics, the Kira is typically worn over a long-sleeved blouse known as a Wonju.
The garment is often adorned with intricate patterns and vibrant colors, reflecting the artistry of Bhutanese textile craftsmanship. The Kira is worn for everyday activities and special occasions, showcasing the cultural heritage of Bhutanese women.
Wonju
The Wonju is a long-sleeved blouse worn beneath the Kira. Typically made from lighter materials such as silk or cotton, it serves as a comfortable base layer. The Wonju often comes in various colors and patterns that coordinate with the Kira, providing both modesty and warmth.
Kera
The Kera is a woven belt used to secure the traditional women's dress, the Kira. Unlike the Kera for men, which is more subdued, the Kera for women can be more colorful and varied in style.
It helps to hold the Kira in place at the waist, ensuring the garment stays properly wrapped and contributing to the overall elegance of the traditional outfit.
Toego
The Toego is a traditional jacket worn over the Kira. It is usually made from a fabric that complements the Kira and often features intricate designs or embroidery.
The Toego adds a layer of warmth and style, making it suitable for cooler weather and formal occasions. It enhances the overall appearance of the traditional outfit and is considered a symbol of elegance.
Khata
The Khata is a traditional ceremonial scarf made from silk or fine cotton, typically white. It is presented as a gesture of goodwill, respect, and blessing during important occasions such as weddings, religious ceremonies, and festivals. The Khata is draped around the neck or presented with both hands, symbolizing purity and sincerity in Bhutanese culture.
Rachu
Similar to the men’s kabney, the Rachu is a narrow, embroidered scarf worn over the left shoulder by Bhutanese women. It is often decorated with intricate patterns and is worn during formal events and ceremonies, similar to the men’s Kabney. The Rachu adds a touch of sophistication and formality to the traditional attire.
Tsholham
Tsholham are traditional shoes often made of leather or cloth and may be adorned with intricate patterns or embroidery. They are worn with the Kira to complete the traditional outfit. In addition to Tsholham, women may wear colorful, handwoven Pambas (woolen socks) in colder regions to complement their attire.
Cultural Significance Of The National Dress Of Bhutan
The national dress of Bhutan holds deep cultural significance, serving as a symbol of identity, unity, and respect for the country's heritage. Wearing traditional attire is not just about fashion; it reflects a sense of belonging and pride among the Bhutanese people.
The government actively promotes the wearing of the gho and kira, particularly during festivals, ceremonies, and public events, to preserve the cultural legacy and foster national pride.
Each element of the traditional dress is imbued with meaning. The colors and patterns often represent the wearer's regional background and personal identity, making each outfit unique.
Additionally, the gho and kira are worn as a gesture of respect in religious and cultural settings, underscoring the importance of tradition in daily life. By embracing the national dress, locals and visitors can connect with Bhutan's rich cultural tapestry and contribute to its preservation for future generations.
How To Wear Bhutan’s Traditional Dress
Wearing Bhutan’s traditional dress is more than just donning beautiful attire; it’s about embracing the cultural heritage and customs passed down through generations. Here’s a guide on how to properly wear the gho , kira, and associated accessories to ensure you respect the tradition while looking your best.
For Men: Wearing The Gho
Step into the Gho: Start by wearing the gho like a robe, ensuring the bottom hem reaches just above your knees. The sleeves should be long and loose, ready to be folded back.
Adjust the Sleeves: Fold the sleeves back to the desired length, usually at the forearm, to create neat cuffs.
Fasten the Kera: Secure the gho by tying the kera, a long belt, around your waist. Position the belt at your waist, so the gho gathers slightly above it, forming a pouch-like pocket called a “hemchu.” This pocket is traditionally used to carry small items.
Add Accessories: If wearing a rachu, drape it over your left shoulder and tie it around your waist. Complete the look with traditional shoes or leather footwear.
For Women: Wearing The Kira
Wrap the Kira: Begin by wrapping the kira around your body, starting from the left side and bringing it around your back to the right side. The kira should fall to your ankles and be wrapped snugly to create a flattering silhouette.
Secure with the Kera: Use a kera to fasten the kira at your waist. The kera should be tied securely but comfortably, ensuring the kira stays in place.
Layer with the Wonju and Toego: Put on the wonju, a long-sleeved blouse, underneath the kira. Then, wear the toego, a short jacket, over the kira for added warmth and style. The toego should complement the colors and patterns of your kira.
Drape the Rachu: Drape the rachu over your left shoulder, securing it with the kera at your waist. The rachu is an important ceremonial accessory that adds elegance and formality to your attire.
Finish with Footwear and Jewellery: Complete the outfit with traditional shoes and jewellery that match the kira. A mantikka or other traditional headpiece can be worn for added authenticity.
Tips For Wearing Bhutanese Traditional Dress
Respect the Tradition: When wearing the traditional dress of Bhutan, always follow local customs and etiquette. This includes wearing the attire properly and adjusting it according to the occasion.
Mind the Length: Ensure that the gho or kira is worn at the correct length, with the gho reaching just above the knees for men and the kira reaching the ankles for women.
Embrace the Experience: Wearing Bhutan's traditional dress is a unique cultural experience. Take the opportunity to learn from locals and enjoy the connection it brings to Bhutan’s rich heritage.
Whether attending a festival, exploring local markets, or simply immersing yourself in the culture, wearing Bhutan’s traditional dress with care and respect will make your experience in the country even more memorable.
Conclusion About Traditional Dress Of Bhutan
Whether you’re wearing the gho or kira, each piece tells a story of Bhutan’s values, artistry, and traditions. As you prepare for your journey, wearing these garments enhances your experience and shows respect for the local culture.
To fully immerse yourself in Bhutan’s unique traditions, let Druk Asia guide your adventure. As one of the top Bhutan tour agencies, Druk Asia offers curated experiences that allow you to explore the heart of Bhutanese culture, from its majestic landscapes to its vibrant festivals.
Discover Bhutan with Druk Asia, and make your visit truly unforgettable. Book your tour now!
Frequently Asked Questions About National Dress Of Bhutan
What Is The Ankle Length Dress Worn By Bhutanese Women?
The ankle-length dress Bhutanese women wear is called the kira, a beautifully woven garment that wraps around the body.
What Is The Woven Cloth Belt Used With Bhutan’s Traditional Dress?
The woven cloth belt, known as the kera, is used to secure the gho or kira at the waist, adding functionality and style to the outfit.
When Do Bhutanese People Wear The Bhutan’s National Dress?
Bhutanese people wear the Bhutan national dress during festivals, religious ceremonies, and daily life to honor their culture and traditions.
Can Visitors Wear A Bhutan Traditional Dress?
Yes, visitors are encouraged to wear Bhutan traditional dress, such as the gho and kira, especially during cultural events and when visiting religious sites.
